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=== Basic requirements ===
=== Basic requirements ===


* A mainboard you want to port coreboot to.
* A mainboard you want to port coreboot to, preferably with long [[End of life|manufacturing lifespan]].
* Datasheets
* Datasheets
* A Linux/UNIX machine for development purposes
* A development machine (ideally separate from your target system, though there are some mavericks who use the target for development)
** The coreboot build environment is not well-supported on Windows. It may be possible to do it under cygwin but nobody has tried.
** A Linux/UNIX machine is recommended
** Windows as a development platform tends to work, but is more complicated to set up, less commonly used (at least outside corporate firewalls) and tends to be slower in operation. Setup instructions: [[Developer Manual/Tools/Cygwin]], [[Developer Manual/Tools/MinGW]]
It's also handy to have one/some/all of the following:
When developing, you will, at some point, have flashed code that cannot boot your mainboard.
To overcome that, you will need:
=== PLAICE: Programmer, Logic Analyzer and In-Circuit Emulator ===
* A way to reflash when that happens.
* A way to get some output to get debug logs, to understand what's happening.


The [http://flash-plaice.wikispaces.com PLAICE] is a powerful in circuit development tool that combines the features of programming and emulating FLASH devices as well as high speed multi-channel logic analysis into one device.
This page list many tools that can help in debugging, relfashing, or both.


The FLASH BIOS emulator feature will help speed development of coreboot porting since the developer will no longer have to wait for either swapping FLASH devices or for lengthy FLASH programming cycles.
=== Flash chip related ===
====WARNING: flash chip swapping====
<div style="color: red">If you're going to work on this board, you need a backup plan in the event you flash a faulty BIOS image.
The secondary chip must have different size (preferable greater capacity) than the primary chip (factory chip) that comes with the board in order to avoid accidents: flashrom will not burn the Coreboot image (<code>sudo flashrom -p internal -w new.bin [...] Error: Image size doesn't match</code>) if the size of the hardware chip mismatch the Coreboot image configured ''ROM chip size''. This is a good thing as it will save you from accidentally burning Cooreboot to the primary chip if you forget to toggle the hardware switch to the secondary chip. Chips with equal size will likely make you break the board one day. You have been warned!</div>


The design will also perform as a multi-channel logic analyzer with a JAVA client.
==== External Flash programmer to flash your mainboard flash chip ====


The PLAICE will make use of an adapter cable that will interface to the mainboard via the FLASH BIOS socket or onto the pins of a soldered in place FLASH device. It may also be used to program a FLASH device or emulate a FLASH device in circuit. Since the PLAICE attaches directly to the in-circuit FLASH device, the FLASH may be programmed without the need to reverse engineer any FLASH WRITE/ENABLE "security through obscurity" protection schemes incorporated into a mainboard.
External programmers are not always necessary. Use your mainboard as a programmer instead. Boot up with a known-good image, then unplug the (DIP32, PLCC32, or DIP8) ROM chip while powered on. Reflash that secondary piece and try a reboot. Many boards allow for more than one type
of flash to be programmed, but clearly are less versatile than real programmers.


See also: [http://hardware.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=07/05/01/0017244 Slashdot: An Open Source Hardware Development Tool].
Many programmers are supported by [https://www.flashrom.org/Flashrom flashrom]:
* RTL8139 NIC (PCI network card) with 32 pin socket and the appropriate ZIF socket adapter with flashrom. this is a low cost approach. Check, whether flashrom will recognize your flash part in this scenario.
* [http://www.dediprog.com/SPI-flash-in-circuit-programming/SF100 Dediprog SF100]:High speed spi programmer, can be used under both windows and linux(with flashrom). See [[Dediprog SF100|SF100 Usage]] for detail description.
* [http://dangerousprototypes.com/docs/Bus_Pirate Bus Pirate v3/v4]: SPI programmer, similar to but less expensive than the Dediprog SF100. Really slow. If you're using it, try at least http://flashrom.org/Bus_Pirate#Speedup to get a somewhat acceptable speed out of it.
* [http://www.flashrom.org/RaspberryPi Raspberry Pi] (or any other development board with a fast SPI bus): SPI programmer, rougly as fast as the Dediprog SF100, but as cheap as the Bus Pirate.
* [https://developer.mbed.org/users/hudakz/code/STM32F103C8T6_Hello/ Blue Pill]


=== Artecgroup programmable LPC dongle ===
Some programmers aren't and works with other software:
 
* [http://www.loet.de/flasher_en.html IDE adapter for PLCC32 & DIP32 sockets]: Has Linux 2.4 & 2.6 drivers $/� ~48 (kit �33) free manual with schematics & component list downloadable (component cost approx. �5)
See [http://www.artecgroup.com/products/hardware-products/programmable-lpc-dongle.html] and [http://www.opencores.org/projects.cgi/web/usb_dongle_fpga/overview].
* [http://www.conitec.net/english/software.htm GALEP-4]: Has [http://www.conitec.net/hardware/down/galep-linux-alpha1.html beta Linux drivers] ~$300. See [[Galep IV]] for a description on how to get the more modern Windows software working in Linux with '''wine'''.
* [http://www.mcumall.com/ Willem Universal EPROM Programmer]: DOS, Windows software, work has started on Linux drivers, quite many types of EEPROM asf. ~ �35
* https://web.archive.org/web/20120305211839/http://www.xeltek.com/pages.php?pageid=8


=== PC Engines lpc1A ===
==== Chip swapping tools and techniques ====
===== PC Engines lpc1A =====


[http://pcengines.ch/lpc1a.htm This board] is most useful if you are working on machines from the ALIX family, but could also be useful if you can expose an LPC header on another board.
[http://pcengines.ch/lpc1a.htm The LPC1A] is most useful if you are working on machines from the ALIX family.


=== External EPROM/Flash programmer that can program the flash chip on your motherboard ===
It is a PCB with a second flash and socket that plugs into the LPC header of the ALIX boards.


External programmers are not always necessary. Use your mainboard as a programmer instead. Boot up with a known-good image, then unplug the (DIP32, PLCC32, or DIP8) ROM chip while powered on. Reflash that secondary piece and try a reboot. Many boards allow for more than one type of flash to be programmed, but clearly are less versatile than real programmers.
It could also be useful if you can expose an LPC header on another board.


Schematics are freely downloadable.
downloadable
* [http://www.conitec.net/english/software.htm GALEP-4]: Has [http://www.conitec.net/hardware/down/galep-linux-alpha1.html beta Linux drivers] ~$300. See [[Galep IV]] for a description on how to get the more modern Windows software working in Linux with '''wine'''.


=== BIOS Savior ===
===== BIOS Savior =====


[[Image:Bios savior.jpg|thumb|right|An installed BIOS Savior.]]
[[Image:Bios savior.jpg|thumb|right|An installed BIOS Savior.]]
Line 49: Line 61:
* http://www.ioss.com.tw/web/English/RD1BIOSSavior.html
* http://www.ioss.com.tw/web/English/RD1BIOSSavior.html


=== Top Hat Flash ===
===== Top Hat Flash =====


A similar function is achieved by the "'''top hat flash'''" which comes at no extra cost with many Elitegroup, and some Gigabyte and Albatron mainboards like ECS KN3 SLI2 Extreme with MCP55 southbridge (which is getting severely out of stock around central europe as of 8/2007 unfortunately). After bootup, it can manually be lifted off the original BIOS chip, so the original BIOS can be reflashed after a failure. '''/rst''' is wired to '''/oe''' on the spare chip otherwise 1:1. Top hat flash is equipped with a Winbond W39V040AP FWH. It may rely on particular circuitry on the mainboard to operate.
A similar function is achieved by the '''Top Hat Flash''' which comes at no extra cost with many Elitegroup, and some GIGABYTE and Albatron mainboards like ECS KN3 SLI2 Extreme.
 
As you can guess from the photo to the side, it is two plcc sockets soldered together. The upper one carries a spare BIOS chip as a fallback / failsafe secondary bootable BIOS. By means of some 'obscure' cicuitry, the additional, secondary chip is being booted from, if you manually press / stick the TOP HAT FLASH onto your primary BIOS chip on the mainboard. Sadly, this simple technique does not seem to work with other boards right away.
 
After bootup, it can manually be lifted off the original BIOS chip, so the original BIOS can be reflashed after a failure. The '''RST#''' pin is wired to '''OE#''' on the spare chip, otherwise it's wired 1:1. Top Hat Flash is equipped with a Winbond W39V040AP FWH. It may rely on particular circuitry on the mainboard to operate.


[[Image:Top_hat_flash.JPG|thumb|right|Top Hat Flash, PCB side to flip over soldered-on PLCC.]]
[[Image:Top_hat_flash.JPG|thumb|right|Top Hat Flash, PCB side to flip over soldered-on PLCC.]]


=== Chip removal tools ===
<br clear="all" />
 
===== Dual flash =====
 
[[File:Dual_parallel_flash.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Dual flash "pie". One for keeping working firmware image. Flash chips are selectable by a tumbler switch]]
You may DIY yours dual flash device. As an example look here:
[[Developer Manual/Tools/Dual Flash]]
 
<br clear="all" />
 
==== Chip removal tools ====


If you're hot-swapping your BIOS chips (i.e., removing the chip while your computer is running, then inserting another one) you'll usually need some tools.
If you're hot-swapping your BIOS chips (i.e., removing the chip while your computer is running, then inserting another one) you'll usually need some tools.
Line 70: Line 96:
Image:Pushpin roms 1.jpg|Push pins with cut off needles, attached to ROM chips with super glue.
Image:Pushpin roms 1.jpg|Push pins with cut off needles, attached to ROM chips with super glue.
Image:Pushpin roms 2.jpg|More push pins on ROM chips.
Image:Pushpin roms 2.jpg|More push pins on ROM chips.
Image:Curtain.jpeg|Alternative: with something used to support curtains.
</gallery>
</gallery>


=== POST card ===
=== Flash emulators (used to flash and debug) ===


A POST card will save your life: it's the only output device (beside beeper) you have during the boot process. The term POST means '''Power On Self Test''' and comes from the original IBM specifications for the BIOS. Port 80 is a pre-defined I/O port to which programs can output a byte. The POST card displays the byte in hex on its 2 digit display. We use a lot of POST codes in coreboot, so if you can tell us the POST code you see, we will have some idea of what happened.
==== Artecgroup programmable LPC dongle ====


If your coreboot machine is working properly, you will see it count up from 0xd0 to 0xd9 (while it is gunzipping the kernel) and then display 0x98 (Linux idle loop). There are POST cards with ISA bus, PCI bus, USB und parallel port connectors (the latter for laptops).
The [[Artecgroup programmable LPC dongle]] (Now called FlexyICE) is a ROM emulator and debugging tool.
See [http://www.artecgroup.com/products/hardware-products/programmable-lpc-dongle.html] and [http://www.opencores.org/projects.cgi/web/usb_dongle_fpga/overview].


Often they carry status LEDs for ISA/PCI signals such as: IRDY, BIOS-access, FRAME, OSC, PCI-CLK, RESET, 12V, -12V, 5V, -5V, 3.3V. Some cards were known to not function because the mainboard switches off the CLK on their slot after non-standard registration on PCI.
==== In Circuit Emulator hardware debugger ====


<gallery>
Allows very time-saving burn/debug cycles with added tracing capabilities but somewhat costly.
Image:Post card1.jpg|BIOS POST card for PCI.
 
Image:Post card2.jpg|BIOS POST card for PCI and ISA.
==== EPROM emulators ====
</gallery>
 
These hardware devices pretend to be an EEPROM chip.
 
* http://www.tech-tools.com/romtools.htm
* http://xtronics.com/memory/pktROM.htm
* http://www.tribalmicro.com/multirom/
* http://www.linuxselfhelp.com/HOWTO/Diskless-HOWTO-10.html (a larger list -- outdated)
 
=== Getting some output ===
[[Console and outputs]] lists the various ways of getting the boot logs, with the advantages, requirements, and limitations of each way.
 
==== USB debug devices ====


PCI POST cards can be found in various places.
[[Image:PLX_NET20DC.jpg|thumb|right|PLX NET20DC USB Debug Device.]]


See also [[FAQ#How_can_I_write_to_port_0x80_from_userspace.3F|How can I write to port 0x80 from userspace]].
An alternative to a serial console may be a USB debug device. They are not so common, yet. Their advantage is higher speed than a serial console. One might hook an FPGA to it for profiling purposes or some automated checks. Accessing a USB debug device from within BIOS is not different than other USB devices, and is part of the USB standard.


* http://siliconkit.dnsalias.com/cart/index.tpcip.html
See also [[EHCI Debug Port]] and [[DIY_EHCI_debug_dongle]].
* http://www.elstonsystems.com/prod/pc_analyzer.html
* http://shopv2.elstonsystems.com/product_info.php/products_id/57
* http://www.uxd.com/trio.html
* http://www.soyousa.com/products/proddesc.php?id=261


=== Null-modem cable ===
==== Serial console ====
While being less common on laptops, the [[serial console]] is very well supported by software.
Accessing it often requires a [[Serial_console#Null-modem_cable|Null modem cable]] and
[[Serial_console#Serial_terminal_software|one of the many programs written for that purpose]].


A so-called '''null-modem cable''' is used for transmitting the output from a serial coreboot (or GRUB- or Linux-) console to another computer where a terminal program (such as [[minicom]]) can be used to display/save the messages.
==== POST card ====


<gallery>
A [[POST card]] will save your life: it's the only output device (beside beeper) you have during the boot process.
Image:Null modem cable.jpg|A null-modem cable.
</gallery>


=== Compact Flash IDE adaptor ===
==== Oscilloscope ====
Unlike consoles or debug ports outputs, oscilloscopes are used to view electronic signals.
This can save you a lot of time when dealing with low level hardware busses.
Consider '''logic analyzers''' as alternative.


=== Other ===
==== Compact Flash IDE adaptor ====
Solid state disks (e.g. CompactFlash cards) save time during the repeated boot process compared with regular hard disks.
Solid state disks (e.g. CompactFlash cards) save time during the repeated boot process compared with regular hard disks.


Line 116: Line 157:
* http://www.mesanet.com/ (Choose DISK EMULATORS then CFADPTHD in the menu. 2xCF)
* http://www.mesanet.com/ (Choose DISK EMULATORS then CFADPTHD in the menu. 2xCF)


=== Oscilloscope ===
==== coreboot SDK ====
 
For hardware debugging purposes when it goes down the most atomic details. Consider '''logic analyzers''' as alternative.
 
=== In Circuit Emulator hardware debugger ===
 
Allows very time-saving burn/debug cycles with added tracing capabilities but somewhat costly.
 
=== coreboot SDK ===


* http://www.cwlinux.com/eng/products/products_sdk.php
* http://www.cwlinux.com/eng/products/products_sdk.php
=== In Circuit chip programmer ===
Should allow you to program your BIOS even if it is soldered to the motherboard.
* http://www.xeltek.com/pages.php?pageid=8
=== EPROM emulators ===
These hardware devices pretend to be an EEPROM chip.
* http://www.tech-tools.com/romtools.htm
* http://xtronics.com/memory/pktROM.htm
* http://www.tribalmicro.com/multirom/
* http://www.linuxselfhelp.com/HOWTO/Diskless-HOWTO-10.html (a larger list -- outdated)
=== USB debug devices ===
[[Image:PLX_NET20DC.jpg|thumb|right|PLX NET20DC USB Debug Device.]]
An alternative to a serial console may be a USB debug device. They are not so common, yet. Their advantage is higher speed than a serial console. One might hook an FPGA to it for profiling purposes or some automated checks. Accessing a USB debug device from within BIOS is not different than other USB devices, and is part of the USB standard.
See also [[EHCI Debug Port]].

Latest revision as of 17:10, 22 August 2017

Before starting to work on coreboot support for a new mainboard and/or chipset you'll want a few development tools (both hardware and software). Not all of them are strictly required, a lot depends on your specific task and needs.

Basic requirements

  • A mainboard you want to port coreboot to, preferably with long manufacturing lifespan.
  • Datasheets
  • A development machine (ideally separate from your target system, though there are some mavericks who use the target for development)
    • A Linux/UNIX machine is recommended
    • Windows as a development platform tends to work, but is more complicated to set up, less commonly used (at least outside corporate firewalls) and tends to be slower in operation. Setup instructions: Developer Manual/Tools/Cygwin, Developer Manual/Tools/MinGW

When developing, you will, at some point, have flashed code that cannot boot your mainboard. To overcome that, you will need:

  • A way to reflash when that happens.
  • A way to get some output to get debug logs, to understand what's happening.

This page list many tools that can help in debugging, relfashing, or both.

Flash chip related

WARNING: flash chip swapping

If you're going to work on this board, you need a backup plan in the event you flash a faulty BIOS image. The secondary chip must have different size (preferable greater capacity) than the primary chip (factory chip) that comes with the board in order to avoid accidents: flashrom will not burn the Coreboot image (sudo flashrom -p internal -w new.bin [...] Error: Image size doesn't match) if the size of the hardware chip mismatch the Coreboot image configured ROM chip size. This is a good thing as it will save you from accidentally burning Cooreboot to the primary chip if you forget to toggle the hardware switch to the secondary chip. Chips with equal size will likely make you break the board one day. You have been warned!

External Flash programmer to flash your mainboard flash chip

External programmers are not always necessary. Use your mainboard as a programmer instead. Boot up with a known-good image, then unplug the (DIP32, PLCC32, or DIP8) ROM chip while powered on. Reflash that secondary piece and try a reboot. Many boards allow for more than one type of flash to be programmed, but clearly are less versatile than real programmers.

Many programmers are supported by flashrom:

  • RTL8139 NIC (PCI network card) with 32 pin socket and the appropriate ZIF socket adapter with flashrom. this is a low cost approach. Check, whether flashrom will recognize your flash part in this scenario.
  • Dediprog SF100:High speed spi programmer, can be used under both windows and linux(with flashrom). See SF100 Usage for detail description.
  • Bus Pirate v3/v4: SPI programmer, similar to but less expensive than the Dediprog SF100. Really slow. If you're using it, try at least http://flashrom.org/Bus_Pirate#Speedup to get a somewhat acceptable speed out of it.
  • Raspberry Pi (or any other development board with a fast SPI bus): SPI programmer, rougly as fast as the Dediprog SF100, but as cheap as the Bus Pirate.
  • Blue Pill

Some programmers aren't and works with other software:

Chip swapping tools and techniques

PC Engines lpc1A

The LPC1A is most useful if you are working on machines from the ALIX family.

It is a PCB with a second flash and socket that plugs into the LPC header of the ALIX boards.

It could also be useful if you can expose an LPC header on another board.

Schematics are freely downloadable.

BIOS Savior
An installed BIOS Savior.

The BIOS Savior is a tool that plugs into and replaces the original mainboard Flash device. The BIOS Savior has its own Flash device and a socket for the original mainboard Flash device (PLCC or DIP versions are available). It features a switch to allow the developer to choose between which Flash device is accessed by the mainboard during read and write cycles.

This device helps to minimize the amount of hot swapping required and reduces mechanical and electrical stress on the BIOS chips.

The BIOS Savior is available from:

Top Hat Flash

A similar function is achieved by the Top Hat Flash which comes at no extra cost with many Elitegroup, and some GIGABYTE and Albatron mainboards like ECS KN3 SLI2 Extreme.

As you can guess from the photo to the side, it is two plcc sockets soldered together. The upper one carries a spare BIOS chip as a fallback / failsafe secondary bootable BIOS. By means of some 'obscure' cicuitry, the additional, secondary chip is being booted from, if you manually press / stick the TOP HAT FLASH onto your primary BIOS chip on the mainboard. Sadly, this simple technique does not seem to work with other boards right away.

After bootup, it can manually be lifted off the original BIOS chip, so the original BIOS can be reflashed after a failure. The RST# pin is wired to OE# on the spare chip, otherwise it's wired 1:1. Top Hat Flash is equipped with a Winbond W39V040AP FWH. It may rely on particular circuitry on the mainboard to operate.

Top Hat Flash, PCB side to flip over soldered-on PLCC.


Dual flash
Dual flash "pie". One for keeping working firmware image. Flash chips are selectable by a tumbler switch

You may DIY yours dual flash device. As an example look here: Developer Manual/Tools/Dual Flash


Chip removal tools

If you're hot-swapping your BIOS chips (i.e., removing the chip while your computer is running, then inserting another one) you'll usually need some tools.

There are different tools for DIP and PLCC chips (see photos). You can find them in most electronics stores, usually. Both types cost roughly 5-10 Euros.

Another very nifty idea is clipping off the needle point of normal office push pins, and then attaching them to (PLCC) ROM chips with super glue. That makes it pretty easy to insert and remove the ROM chips without extra tools.

Since after bootup, flash mem is not accessed anymore, you can even hot plug (plug in and out while PC powered on) push pin flashes. This way you save an external EEPROM programmer and mimic the procedure of top hat flash. Make sure you do not short circuit anything, though.

  • PLCC32 BIOS removal tool.

    PLCC32 BIOS removal tool.

  • DIP32 BIOS removal tool.

    DIP32 BIOS removal tool.

  • Push pins with cut off needles, attached to ROM chips with super glue.

    Push pins with cut off needles, attached to ROM chips with super glue.

  • More push pins on ROM chips.

    More push pins on ROM chips.

  • Alternative: with something used to support curtains.

    Alternative: with something used to support curtains.

Flash emulators (used to flash and debug)

Artecgroup programmable LPC dongle

The Artecgroup programmable LPC dongle (Now called FlexyICE) is a ROM emulator and debugging tool. See [1] and [2].

In Circuit Emulator hardware debugger

Allows very time-saving burn/debug cycles with added tracing capabilities but somewhat costly.

EPROM emulators

These hardware devices pretend to be an EEPROM chip.

Getting some output

Console and outputs lists the various ways of getting the boot logs, with the advantages, requirements, and limitations of each way.

USB debug devices

PLX NET20DC USB Debug Device.

An alternative to a serial console may be a USB debug device. They are not so common, yet. Their advantage is higher speed than a serial console. One might hook an FPGA to it for profiling purposes or some automated checks. Accessing a USB debug device from within BIOS is not different than other USB devices, and is part of the USB standard.

See also EHCI Debug Port and DIY_EHCI_debug_dongle.

Serial console

While being less common on laptops, the serial console is very well supported by software. Accessing it often requires a Null modem cable and one of the many programs written for that purpose.

POST card

A POST card will save your life: it's the only output device (beside beeper) you have during the boot process.

Oscilloscope

Unlike consoles or debug ports outputs, oscilloscopes are used to view electronic signals. This can save you a lot of time when dealing with low level hardware busses. Consider logic analyzers as alternative.

Other

Compact Flash IDE adaptor

Solid state disks (e.g. CompactFlash cards) save time during the repeated boot process compared with regular hard disks.

coreboot SDK

Retrieved from "https://www.coreboot.org/index.php?title=Developer_Manual/Tools&oldid=28220"